3Blue1Brown How are holograms possible | Optics puzzles 5
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📃 Оригинальное описание:
3d scenes on 2d film, and a diffraction lesson along the way.
Instead of sponsored ad reads, these lessons are funded directly by viewers:
An equally valuable form of support is to share the videos.
Hologram credits:
The Microscope is by Walter Spierings, 1984
Donations Hologram by Cherry Optical Holography
Lucy in a Tin Hat is by Patrick Keown Boyd, 1988
The Star Wars-themed Direct-Write Digital Holograms were produced by Zebra Imaging.
The ’Shakespeare’ embossed animated integral hologram was made by Applied Holographics.
Walter Spierings, who did the microscope, is from Dutch Holographic Laboratory. He wanted me to let you know that anyone should feel free to approach them when it comes to producing holograms, they do a lot of innovative things with the medium:
Thanks to everyone who helped with this project:
Paul Dancstep, for help writing, and for all the 3d modeling
Craig Newswanger and Sally Weber, for making the central hologram shown
Kurt Bruns, for the artwork of Dennis Gabor
Phoebe Tooke, Wayne Grim, and Rick Danielson, for filming at the exploratorium
Quinn Brodsky and Mithuna Yoganathan, for footage of lasers through diffraction gratings
Vince Rubinetti, for writing the music
Cliff Stoll for the Klein Bottle
Mathematical corrections:
1) In the analysis for the distance between zone plate fringes, we should do a Taylor approximation about d=0, not about x=0. If you this right, the result at the bottom will look like x / sqrt(L^2 x^2), which conveniently cancels out another (much sillier) mistake, which is how x / L in this case is not sin(theta’), but tan(theta’). Thanks to those who spotted that, I guess I must have been happy enough to see the desired sin(theta’) at the end that I didn’t properly double-check how we got there.
2) In the end, I referenced treating |R^2| as “some real number“, so that it’s only scaling O. This only makes sense to do because the amplitude of R is constant. Or at least, it varies only very slowly around a point. In this way, what I say a few moments later about making no assumptions about R is not quite right, we do need to assume it’s a wave with relatively constant magnitude across the film.
Gabor’s Nobel Prize lecture:
A few resources we found helpful for this video
Seeing the Light, by Falk, Brill, and Stork
Practical Holography, by Saxby and Zarcharovas
Principles of Holography by Howard Smith
Timestamps
- What is a Hologram?
- The recording process
- The simplest hologram
- Diffraction gratings
- Reconstructing the simplest hologram
- Conjugate image
- More complex scenes
- The bigger picture of holography
- The formal explanation
SEV1:
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These animations are largely made using a custom Python library, manim. See the FAQ comments here:
#manim
All code for specific videos is visible here:
The music is by Vincent Rubinetti.
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