Trisomy X, Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome, Double Y and Fragile X syndrome explained

Triple X syndrome An abnormality resulting in an extra X chromosome in some females. Triple X syndrome is usually caused by malformation of an egg or sperm cell, or by an error early in embryo development. Many women have few or no symptoms. In most cases, no treatment is required. Those who experience developmental delays and learning disabilities may require interventions, such as counseling. Klinefelter syndrome A genetic condition in which a male is born with an extra copy of the X chromosome Klinefelter syndrome isn’t inherited, but rather occurs only as a result of a random genetic error after conception. Males born with Klinefelter syndrome may have low testosterone and reduced muscle mass, facial hair, and body hair. Most males with this condition produce little or no sperm. Treatment may include testosterone replacement and fertility treatment. Turner syndrome A chromosomal disorder in which a female is born with only one X chromosome Turner syndrome results from a missing or incomplete sex chromosome. Symptoms include short stature, delayed puberty, infertility, heart defects, and certain learning disabilities. Treatment involves hormone therapy. Fertility treatment may be necessary for women who want to become pregnant. XYY syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder that affects males. It is caused by the presence of an extra Y chromosome. Males normally have one X and one Y chromosome. However, individuals with this syndrome have one X and two Y chromosomes. Affected individuals are usually very tall. Fragile X syndrome A genetic condition causing intellectual disability. Fragile X syndrome causes mild to severe intellectual disability. It affects both males and females, but females usually have milder symptoms. Symptoms include delays in talking, anxiety, and hyperactive behavior. Some people have seizures. Physical features might include large ears, a long face, a prominent jaw and forehead, and flat feet. Therapy can be used to treat learning disabilities. Medications may be used to treat anxiety and mood disorders. #TrisomyX #KlinefelterSyndrome #TurnerSyndrome #DoubleYAndFragileXSyndrome #genetics #medicine