Robert Schumann – Die Geistervariationen (Thema mit Variationen in Es-Dur für Klavier) WoO 24

The Geistervariationen (Ghost Variations), or Theme and Variations in E-flat major for piano, WoO 24, composed in 1854, is the last piano work of Robert Schumann. They were composed in the time leading up to his admission to an asylum for the insane and are infrequently played or recorded today. This was Schumann’s last work before he was admitted to the mental hospital in Bonn-Endenich. Wolf-Dieter Seiffert wrote in the preface to Thema mit Variationen (Geistervariation) that at this time of his life, Schumann believed that he was surrounded by spirits who played him music, both “wonderful“ and “hideous“. They offered him “most magnificent revelations“, but also threatened to send him to Hell. Seiffert goes on to write that on 17 or 18 February 1854, Schumann wrote down a theme he said was dictated to him by voices like those of angels. He did not recognize that it was actually a theme which he had composed previously. Several days later, he wrote a set of variations