Why It Was Almost Impossible to Make the Blue LED | Veritasium

The blue LED was supposed to be impossible—until a young engineer proposed a moonshot idea. References: • How Blue LEDs Were Invented - LGR Tec... Touchstone, L. A. (2022). Nick Holonyak Jr. University of Illinois. - Perry, T. S. (1995). The Unsung Inventor. IEEE Spectrum. - Chabay, R. & Sherwood, B. (2011). Matter & interactions (4th ed.), S2: Semiconductors. Wiley. - How MOCVD Works via Aixtron - Vangala, S. R., et al. (2019). Epitaxial growth of ZnSe on GaAs. Journal of Crystal Growth. - Nakamura, S. (1991). GaN Growth Using GaN Buffer Layer. JJAP. - Amano, H., et al. (1989). P-Type Conduction in Mg-Doped GaN w/ LEEBI. JJAP. - Huang, M., et al. (2021). Defects in Mg–H‐Codoped GaN. Physica Status Solidi. - Schubert, E. F. (2006). Light Emitting Diodes, Ch 4: LED basics. Cambridge University Press. - Kitada, C. (2001). Blue About Japan. Japan Inc. - Whitaker, T. (2002). Nakamura loses Nichia patent battle. . - Pirates Osaka. (2014). Nakamura awarded Nobel Prize in Physics. Hatena Blog. - Growth Bozu via Twitter. - Rose, J. (2014). Blue LEDs – Filling the world with new light. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. - Pattison, P. M., et al. (2017). LED lighting efficacy. Comptes Rendus Physique. - Electricity pricing via EIA - Lane, K., et al. (2023). Lighting. IEA. - LED Footprint via The Climate Group - Nichia’s History via Nichia - Shuji Nakamura via Wikipedia -