ISEE-3 (International Sun-Earth Explorer) Orbit Oblique View

An oblique view of the orbit of ISEE-3 relative to the inner planets. Close-up view of the Earth flyby in mid-2014. ISEE-3 (International Sun-Earth Explorer) was a mission launched in 1978 and was the first spacecraft to orbit the Earth-Sun L1 point. Its primary mission complete, it was renamed the International Cometary Explorer (ICE) and its orbit was altered to measure the electrodynamic environments of comets Giacobini-Zinner and Halley. It subsequently entered a solar orbit whi