T-26 - Soviet light tank of the 1930s 1930 年代的苏联轻型坦克 Tanque ligero soviético de la década de 1930

T-26 - Soviet light tank. The most numerous tank of the Red and Finnish Armies by the beginning of World War II and the Army of the Spanish Republic of the Civil War in Spain, the second largest Soviet tank produced after the T-34 in the 1930s - 1940s. Created on the basis of the British Vickers Mk E tank (also known as the “Vickers 6-ton“), purchased in 1930. Introduced into service in the USSR in 1931. Tanks of the BT and T-26 series formed the basis of the Red Army tank fleet in the late 1930s. The armor protection of the T-26 was designed for maximum resistance to rifle bullets and shell fragments. At the same time, the armor of the T-26 was penetrated by armor-piercing rifle bullets from a distance of 50-100 m. Therefore, one of the directions of the development of Soviet tank building was a radical increase in the armor protection of tanks from the fire of the most massive anti-tank weapons. The Spanish Civil War, in which the T-26 and BT-5 light tanks delivered to the republican government took an active part, demonstrated the ever-increasing role of anti-tank artillery and its saturation in the armies of developed countries. At the same time, the main anti-tank weapons were not anti-tank rifles and large-caliber machine guns, but rapid-fire small-caliber guns of 25-47 mm caliber, which, as practice showed, easily hit tanks with bulletproof armor, and breaking through a defense saturated with such weapons could cost large losses in armored vehicles. Already at the beginning of 1938, the Soviet military realized that the T-26 had begun to become obsolete, which was noted by S.A. Ginzburg a year and a half earlier. By 1938, the T-26, still surpassing foreign vehicles in armament, began to inferior to them in other parameters. First of all, the weakness of the booking and the insufficient mobility of the tank were noted due to the low engine power and the overload of the suspension. Moreover, the trends in the development of world tank building at that time were such that in the very near future the T-26 could lose its last advantage in weapons, that is, by the beginning of the 1940s. become permanently obsolete. In 1938, the leadership of the USSR finally decided to develop new types of tanks with anti-cannon armor and to stop modernizing the completely obsolete T-26 and BT. On June 22, 1941, there were about 10 thousand T-26 in the Red Army. Weak (bulletproof) armor and low mobility of the tank were some of the factors that led to the low efficiency of using these tanks in the initial period of the Great Patriotic War. However, the armor of most German tanks and self-propelled guns of the time was, in turn, vulnerable to the 37- or 45-mm T-26 guns. Most of the T-26 tanks were lost by the Soviet side in the first six months of the war. A fairly significant part of the losses of the Red Army tank forces in the summer of 1941 were of a non-combat nature. The performance characteristics of the T-26 model 1933: o COMBAT WEIGHT, t: 9.4. o CREW, pers .: 3. o OVERALL DIMENSIONS, mm: length - 4650, width - 2440, height - 2240, ground clearance - 380. o WEAPON: 1 cannon 20K mod. 1932 or 1934 45 mm caliber, 1 DT machine gun mod. 1929 caliber mm. o AMMUNITION: 136 shots and 2898 rounds (in a tank without a radio station): 96 shots and 2898 rounds (in a tank with a radio station). o AIMING DEVICES: telescopic sight TOP arr. 1930, panoramic periscope sight PT-1 arr. 1932 o RESERVATION, mm: forehead, side, rear of the hull - 15, roof - 10, bottom - 6, tower - 6 ... 15. T-26 - Tanque ligero soviético. El tanque más numeroso de los Ejércitos Rojo y Finlandés al comienzo de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y el Ejército de la República Española de la Guerra Civil en España, el segundo tanque soviético más grande producido después del T-34 de las décadas de 1930-1940. Creado sobre la base del tanque británico Vickers Mk E (también conocido como el “Vickers 6-ton“), adquirido en 1930. Introducido en servicio en la URSS en 1931. Los tanques de las series BT y T-26 formaron la base de la flota de tanques del Ejército Rojo a fines de la década de 1930. La protección de armadura del T-26 fue diseñada para una máxima resistencia a las balas de rifle y fragmentos de proyectiles. Al mismo tiempo, la armadura del T-26 fue penetrada por balas de rifle perforantes desde una distancia de 50-100 m. Por lo tanto, una de las direcciones del desarrollo de la construcción de tanques soviéticos fue un aumento radical en la protección de la armadura. de tanques del fuego de las armas antitanques más masivas. La Guerra Civil española, en la que participaron activamente los tanques ligeros T-26 y BT-5 suministrados al gobierno republicano, demostró el papel cada vez mayor de la artillería antitanques y su saturación en los ejércitos de los países desarrollados. Al mismo tiempo, las principales armas antitanque no eran rifles antitanques y ametralladoras de gran calibre, sino cañones de disparo r