[HD Upscale] Outside In - How to turn a sphere inside out

This Video has been increased to 1440p from the 480p DVD release using AI upscaling, making this the highest resolution currently available. Subtitles generously provided by DoctorDothraki. -----Press “SHOW MORE“ to view uploader notes, description, further resources, and credits----- Doctor Dothraki: () -----UPLOADER NOTES----- This is the full version! My previous upload cut off some of the credits. I was having troubles with the audio when I tried using Premiere to combine the videos manually. Thankfully, FFmpeg did a fantastic job of connecting the VOB files without any audio loss. Enjoy! I’m always looking for more info on this. If you have any more resources to look into, a physical copy of the video, or know someone involved in making it, please let me know in the comments! [IMPORTANT] I have not monetized this video and never will. Any ads you see are a result of youtube changing their terms of service to allow for ads to play on any video regardless of their participation in the YouTube Partnership program. Update [09/12/2021]: Broken links have been fixed, with a few new ones added. New videos in the works! ----DESCRIPTION---- The computer animation Outside In explains the amazing discovery, made by Steve Smale in 1957, that a sphere can be turned inside out by means of smooth motions and self-intersections. Through a combination of dialogue and exposition accessible to anyone who has some interest in mathematics, Outside In builds up to the grand finale: Bill Thurston’s “corrugations’’ method of turning the sphere inside out. Along the way, the narrators discuss the related case of closed curves and why they generally cannot be turned inside out. Everyday analogies such as train tracks, belts, smiles and frowns are used throughout, all richly animated and complete with sound effects. Fun Fact: The narrators are named Xanthippe and Yorick, aptly abbreviated in the script as X and Y. ----FURTHER RESOURCES---- Making Waves: A Guide to the Ideas behind Outside In (Rent for free using ) () Where do the Rules of the Game Come From? - The Geometry Center () A Pinch of Topology - The Geometry Center () A brief history of sphere eversions () Topology Riddles | Infinite Series (A great start to learning more about topology!) ( “Who cares about topology? (Inscribed rectangle problem)“ - 3blue1brown () Turning a sphere inside out | Visualization & CUDA code - mathIsART ( AK Peters - Original VHS Distribution (:// Geometry Center Homepage - Find original software, files, descriptions, and animations () ---- The following resources are not readily available. If you have access to any of these, please let me know. Five-page article in the Mathematica Journal, Winter 1996. Article by Ivars Peterson in Science News, 2 September 1995 Even FURTHER reading for those that want to go deep. I’ve yet to search for these, but if I find them available for free online I’ll be sure to add them! () If you have any recommendations for more resources, let me know and I will add them to this list ----CREDITS---- Producer: The Geometry Center Concept: Bill Thurston Direction & Animation: Silvio Levy, Delle Maxwell, Tamara Munzner Master Illusionist: Nathaniel Thurston Technical Shepherd: Stuart Levy Animation: David Ben-Zvi, Daeron Meyer Additional Animation: Adam Deaton, Dan Krech, Matt Headrick, Mark Phillips Technical Contributions: Celeste Fowler, Charlie Gunn, Stephanie Mason, Linus Upson, Scott Wisdom Written by: David Ben-Zvi, Matt Headrick, Silvio Levy, Delle Maxwell, Tamara Munzner, Bill Thurston Still Images: George Francis Audio Post-Production, Sound Design, and Mix: Hudson-Forrester Studios, Inc. Narration: Karen McNenny, Paul de Cordova Video Post-production: Lamb & Company Video Editing: Audrey Robinson Video Technical Assistance: Scott Gaff Sponsors: National Science Foundation, Department of Energy, University of Minnesota, Minnesota Technology Inc. Software: Custom, RenderMan, Softimage, Mathematica, Geomview, Perl Hardware: Silicon Graphics Copyright 1994 The Geometry Center