Galina S Morozova. Каналы, наводнения и модели поселений бронзового века в Нижней Месопотамии.

Galina S Morozova - School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada AVULSION STYLES, CHANNEL NETWORKS, FLOODING, AND BRONZE AGE SETTLEMENT PATTERNS IN LOWER MESOPOTAMIA Bronze Age civilizations of lower Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Indus valley emerged in an arid and semi-arid climate and critically depended on river channel networks and irrigation for their survival. In lower Mesopotamia, urban settlements appeared during a period of rapid Tigris-Euphrates delta progradation following post-glacial marine transgression of the Gulf. The low-gradient deltaic plain with elevated alluvial ridges was a favorable site for avulsions. The Euphrates and Tigris avulsions changed the positions of river courses over time. Avulsion styles (incision, progradation, annexation) affected channel network types (single- or two-channel vs multiple-channel), the duration & extent of floodplain flooding, and the resulting sedimentation patterns. The earliest urban settlements in the delta pr